What does supplier risk of acceptance sampling refer to?

• A. Even with zero defects in the sample, there may be undetected defects
• B. A perfect sample ensures zero defects overall
• C. If there are many defects in the sample, the supplier is penalized
• D. Sample size does not affect risk

Answer: (A)

Acceptance sampling looks at a subset of items to decide whether to accept a whole batch, but there’s always some sampling risk: defects in the rest of the batch may go undetected even if the inspected sample shows zero defects. That’s why this option is the best fit—the idea is that a flawless sample does not guarantee a flawless lot, and the lot could still contain defects. The other statements misstate the concept: a perfect sample doesn’t guarantee zero defects in the entire batch, penalties aren’t describing the risk itself, and increasing sample size changes the risk (larger samples reduce the chance of missing defects).